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KMID : 1142820210050020001
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Bio, Ethics and Policy
2021 Volume.5 No. 2 p.1 ~ p.28
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COVID-19 Vaccine Inequality and Challenges of Global Health Governance
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Cho Han-Seung
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Abstract
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Less than a year after the COVID-19 Pandemic was declared, a new record was set for global health governance with the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines. This was due to the massive funding of the U.S. Warp Speed Operation, the establishment of the COVAX initiative for equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, and the use of advanced technologies such as AI and big data. As a result of such efforts, with the development and distribution of Coronavirus, the global vaccination rate has reached about 46%, but Africa remains below 3% as of October 2021. Vaccine inequality was created because of vaccine nationalism in advanced countries, India’s ban on vaccine exports, and the shortage of raw materials for the vaccine. Although there are growing calls for a vaccine patent waiver, it would be more practical to produce more vaccines by expanding vaccine technology transfer. The issue of vaccine inequality is related to the failure of global health governance to perform its functions properly. In the post-COVID period, the following are required to restore the functioning of global health governance: First, governance must be reformed to regain its credibility; second, global health governance must restore leadership with multilateralism; and third, global civil society organizations should create an atmosphere in which governance strengthens expertise and excludes interference from power politics.
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KEYWORD
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COVID-19 Pandemic, global health governance, vaccine nationalism, pharmaceutical industry, COVAX, patent waiver
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